Keys and key signatures
Twelve major and twelve minor keys. Each page gives the key signature drawn on the stave, the notes of the key, the seven chords built from them with Roman numerals and harmonic function, and the keys most closely related to it.
Major keys
- C majorno sharps or flats · C Dm Em F…
- G major1 sharp · G Am Bm C…
- D major2 sharps · D Em F♯m G…
- A major3 sharps · A Bm C♯m D…
- E major4 sharps · E F♯m G♯m A…
- B major5 sharps · B C♯m D♯m E…
- G♭ major6 flats · G♭ A♭m B♭m C♭…
- D♭ major5 flats · D♭ E♭m Fm G♭…
- A♭ major4 flats · A♭ B♭m Cm D♭…
- E♭ major3 flats · E♭ Fm Gm A♭…
- B♭ major2 flats · B♭ Cm Dm E♭…
- F major1 flat · F Gm Am B♭…
Minor keys
- A minorno sharps or flats · Am Bdim C Dm…
- E minor1 sharp · Em F♯dim G Am…
- B minor2 sharps · Bm C♯dim D Em…
- F♯ minor3 sharps · F♯m G♯dim A Bm…
- C♯ minor4 sharps · C♯m D♯dim E F♯m…
- G♯ minor5 sharps · G♯m A♯dim B C♯m…
- E♭ minor6 flats · E♭m Fdim G♭ A♭m…
- B♭ minor5 flats · B♭m Cdim D♭ E♭m…
- F minor4 flats · Fm Gdim A♭ B♭m…
- C minor3 flats · Cm Ddim E♭ Fm…
- G minor2 flats · Gm Adim B♭ Cm…
- D minor1 flat · Dm Edim F Gm…
The circle of fifths shows how all twenty-four of these relate to each other in one diagram.