Music theory reference

Every major and minor scale: notes, degrees, step pattern and key signature, on the stave and the keyboard.

• C major scale
• A minor scale
• E♭ major scale

The seven modes of the major scale: what each one alters, its step pattern, and the notes on all twelve roots.

• Dorian mode
• Lydian mode
• Mixolydian mode

Every key signature with the seven chords it contains, Roman numerals, common progressions and its related keys.

• Key of G major
• Key of D minor
• Key of B♭ major

Triads, sevenths, suspended and added-note chords: how each is built, its inversions, and the same shape on all twelve roots.

• Major triad
• Dominant seventh
• Minor seventh

Every interval within an octave: semitone count, how it looks and sounds, its inversion, and where it turns up.

• Major third
• Perfect fifth
• Minor seventh