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Tomus

Interval reference

Perfect octave

8 letter names · 12 semitones · C → C

A perfect octave spans eight letter names and 12 semitones. Both halves of that description matter: the number comes from the letters, the quality from the exact size.

Starting on C, a perfect octave reaches C. Its shorthand is P8, and traditionally it counts as perfect consonance.

How big it is

12 semitonesCC0123456789101112
C up to C is 12 semitones. Count the keys, black and white alike.
CCDEFGABCCDE
C and C on the keyboard.
𝄞CC
C up to C written on the treble stave.

Turned upside down

Move the lower note up an octave and a perfect octave becomes a perfect unison. The two numbers add up to nine, and the quality flips — major with minor, augmented with diminished, while perfect stays perfect.

Where you meet it

  • The same note, higher
  • Octave doubling between instruments

From every starting note

FromUp a perfect octave
CC
C♯C♯
DD
D♯D♯
EE
FF
F♯F♯
GG
G♯G♯
AA
A♯A♯
BB
A dash means the strict spelling would need a triple accidental, which real music avoids by respelling the starting note.

Related

All intervals within an octave