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Tomus

Chord reference

Minor triad

1 – ♭3 – 5 · example: Cm = C – E♭ – G

A minor third with a major third on top — the major triad with its third lowered a semitone.

Written as a formula it is 1 – ♭3 – 5: the degrees of the major scale it keeps, with any that are altered marked. On C that gives Cm = C, E♭, G.

How it is built

  1. G
    third
  2. E♭
    minor
  3. Croot
Cm stacked from the root upwards, with the interval between each pair of notes.
𝄞CE♭G
Cm written out as an arpeggio, lowest note first.
CCDEFGGABCDEE♭
Cm on the keyboard, root highlighted.

The intervals above the root

Chord toneInterval above the rootSemitonesNote in Cm
1Perfect unison0C
♭3Minor third3E♭
5Perfect fifth7G

Inversions

The same notes can be stacked in any vertical order. The chord keeps its name; what changes is which note is in the bass. See chord inversions for why that matters.

PositionNotesWritten as
Root positionC – E♭ – GCm
First inversionE♭ – G – CCm/E♭
Second inversionG – C – E♭Cm/G

This chord on every root

RootSymbolNotes
CCmC – E♭ – G
D♭D♭mD♭ – F♭ – A♭
DDmD – F – A
E♭E♭mE♭ – G♭ – B♭
EEmE – G – B
FFmF – A♭ – C
F♯F♯mF♯ – A – C♯
GGmG – B♭ – D
A♭A♭mA♭ – C♭ – E♭
AAmA – C – E
B♭B♭mB♭ – D♭ – F
BBmB – D – F♯
Twelve roots, one shape. The interval pattern above the root never changes.

Nearby chords

All chord types